SMS, the most widely used form of MFA, is actually the least secure method of MFA available thanks to security issues inherent in the telephone network. It can be compromised, and some methods are less secure than others. Microsoft tracks hundreds of millions of malicious login attempts daily and has scored MFA as 99.9% effective. This usually, depending on the method, has the added benefit of immediately notifying the user of an unauthorized sign-in attempt, allowing them to take action to resecure their account. Access is only granted when both passwords are entered, and the second password is generated and sent to the device of the account holder. This additional layer of authentication helps to stop an attacker from accessing the account even if the first password is compromised. It can also be sent via an email or through an authenticator app. The most common way is a text (SMS) message. This password can be delivered in a number of ways. The user enters it first (hopefully with a password manager!) and is then prompted to enter a one-time password as the second authentication factor.
The first authentication method is typically a traditional password.
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